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<article id="post-CSS函数大全（二）：转换、动画和形状 path" class="h-entry article article-type-post" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting">
  
    
   
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          <p>这是我参与11月更文挑战的第25天，活动详情查看：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://juejin.cn/post/7023643374569816095" title="https://juejin.cn/post/7023643374569816095">2021最后一次更文挑战</a></p>
<p>本系列目标是做一个css函数完全指南，将尽可能罗列css中所有的函数及其用法，当需要使用或者理解某个css函数的时候，只要来这里寻找就可以了。</p>
<h2 id="transform"><a href="#transform" class="headerlink" title="transform"></a>transform</h2><h3 id="scaleX-scaleY-scaleZ-scale3d-and-scale"><a href="#scaleX-scaleY-scaleZ-scale3d-and-scale" class="headerlink" title="scaleX(), scaleY(), scaleZ(), scale3d(), and scale()"></a><code>scaleX()</code>, <code>scaleY()</code>, <code>scaleZ()</code>, <code>scale3d()</code>, and <code>scale()</code></h3><p>使元素在一个或多个方向上放大或缩小</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.double</span> &#123; <span class="attribute">transform</span>: <span class="built_in">scale</span>(<span class="number">2</span>); &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="translateX-translateY-translateZ-translate3d-and-translate"><a href="#translateX-translateY-translateZ-translate3d-and-translate" class="headerlink" title="translateX(), translateY(), translateZ(), translate3d(), and translate()"></a><code>translateX()</code>, <code>translateY()</code>, <code>translateZ()</code>, <code>translate3d()</code>, and <code>translate()</code></h3><p>在一个或多个方向上平移元素</p>
<p>居中：</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.center</span> &#123; <span class="attribute">position</span>: absolute; <span class="attribute">top</span>: <span class="number">50%</span>; <span class="attribute">left</span>: <span class="number">50%</span>; <span class="attribute">transform</span>: <span class="built_in">translate</span>(-<span class="number">50%</span>, -<span class="number">50%</span>); &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="perspective"><a href="#perspective" class="headerlink" title="perspective()"></a><code>perspective()</code></h3><p>定义了到z&#x3D;0的坐标轴，使用者能够得到3D定位元素的透视。使其看起来像是从背景中向上和向外突出。数值越小看起来越大。 <a href="https://css-tricks.com%2Falmanac%2Fproperties%2Fp%2Fperspective%2F" title="https://css-tricks.com/almanac/properties/p/perspective/">注意和css 属性<code>perspective</code>不一样</a></p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.cube</span> &#123; <span class="attribute">transform</span>: <span class="built_in">perspective</span>(<span class="number">50em</span>) <span class="built_in">rotateY</span>(<span class="number">50deg</span>) &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="rotateX-rotateY-rotateZ-rotate3d-and-rotate"><a href="#rotateX-rotateY-rotateZ-rotate3d-and-rotate" class="headerlink" title="rotateX(), rotateY(), rotateZ(), rotate3d(), and rotate()"></a><code>rotateX()</code>, <code>rotateY()</code>, <code>rotateZ()</code>, <code>rotate3d()</code>, and <code>rotate()</code></h3><p>沿一个或多个轴旋转</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.avatar</span> &#123; <span class="attribute">transform</span>: <span class="built_in">rotate</span>(<span class="number">25deg</span>); &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="skewX-skewY-and-skew"><a href="#skewX-skewY-and-skew" class="headerlink" title="skewX(), skewY(), and skew()"></a><code>skewX()</code>, <code>skewY()</code>, and <code>skew()</code></h3><p>在水平平面上的倾斜度，元素每个点的坐标根据指定的角度以及到原点的距离，进行成比例的值调整；因此，一个点离原点越远，其增加的值就越大。</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.header</span> &#123; <span class="attribute">transform</span>: <span class="built_in">skew</span>(<span class="number">25deg</span>, <span class="number">15deg</span>); &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="matrix-和-matrix3d"><a href="#matrix-和-matrix3d" class="headerlink" title="matrix() 和 matrix3d()"></a><code>matrix()</code> 和 <code>matrix3d()</code></h3><p>变换矩阵，<code>matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty)</code> 是 <code>matrix3d(a, b, 0, 0, c, d, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, tx, ty, 0, 1)</code> 的简写。 matrix的6个参数分别代表某个变换: <code>matrix( scaleX(), skewY(), skewX(), scaleY(), translateX(), translateY() )</code></p>
<p>关于矩阵变换，可以看张鑫旭的文章。（嗯，此处本来有个链接的，然而无法过审。。。）</p>
<h2 id="动画"><a href="#动画" class="headerlink" title="动画"></a>动画</h2><h3 id="cubic-bezier"><a href="#cubic-bezier" class="headerlink" title="cubic-bezier()"></a><code>cubic-bezier()</code></h3><p>当<code>ease</code>、<code>ease-in-out</code>等关键字不满足时，可以使用这个函数<a href="https://cubic-bezier.com%2F%23.17%2C.67%2C.83%2C.67" title="https://cubic-bezier.com/#.17,.67,.83,.67">自定义贝塞尔曲线</a></p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.el</span> &#123; <span class="attribute">transition-timing-function</span>: <span class="built_in">cubic-bezier</span>(<span class="number">0.17</span>, <span class="number">0.67</span>, <span class="number">0.83</span>, <span class="number">0.67</span>); &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="steps"><a href="#steps" class="headerlink" title="steps()"></a><code>steps()</code></h3><figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">animation-timing-function</span>: <span class="built_in">steps</span>(<span class="number">4</span>, end);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>允许我们将动画或者过渡分割成段，可以参见：<a href="https://designmodo.com%2Fsteps-css-animations%2F" title="https://designmodo.com/steps-css-animations/">designmodo.com&#x2F;steps-css-a…</a></p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-class">.el</span> &#123; <span class="attribute">animation</span>: <span class="number">2s</span> infinite alternate <span class="built_in">steps</span>(<span class="number">10</span>); &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="形状和path"><a href="#形状和path" class="headerlink" title="形状和path"></a>形状和path</h2><p>这些函数即可用于动画的<code>offset-path</code>属性，表示动画的移动路径，也可以用在<code>clip-path</code>中，表示剪切路径。</p>
<h3 id="形状"><a href="#形状" class="headerlink" title="形状"></a>形状</h3><h4 id="circle"><a href="#circle" class="headerlink" title="circle()"></a><code>circle()</code></h4><p>指定半径和圆心，创建一个圆形</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">clip-path</span>: <span class="built_in">circle</span>(<span class="number">6rem</span> at <span class="number">12rem</span> <span class="number">8rem</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="./../imgs/3de7200406054b6d9db56db980e0035a.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<h4 id="ellipse"><a href="#ellipse" class="headerlink" title="ellipse()"></a><code>ellipse()</code></h4><p>指定x轴与y轴半径和中心，创建一个椭圆</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">clip-path</span>: <span class="built_in">ellipse</span>(<span class="number">115px</span> <span class="number">55px</span> at <span class="number">50%</span> <span class="number">40%</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="./../imgs/14ea14ac2d4d4295adf4cde4a6a07c50.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<h4 id="inset"><a href="#inset" class="headerlink" title="inset()"></a><code>inset()</code></h4><p>矩形</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">clip-path</span>: <span class="built_in">inset</span>(<span class="number">22%</span> <span class="number">12%</span> <span class="number">15px</span> <span class="number">35px</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="./../imgs/bb5d2fc3c7394c6fb05687546f49047b.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<h4 id="polygon"><a href="#polygon" class="headerlink" title="polygon()"></a><code>polygon()</code></h4><p>多边形</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">clip-path</span>: <span class="built_in">polygon</span>(<span class="number">50%</span> <span class="number">2.4%</span>, <span class="number">34.5%</span> <span class="number">33.8%</span>, <span class="number">0%</span> <span class="number">38.8%</span>, <span class="number">25%</span> <span class="number">63.1%</span>, <span class="number">19.1%</span> <span class="number">97.6%</span>, <span class="number">50%</span> <span class="number">81.3%</span>, <span class="number">80.9%</span> <span class="number">97.6%</span>, <span class="number">75%</span> <span class="number">63.1%</span>, <span class="number">100%</span> <span class="number">38.8%</span>, <span class="number">65.5%</span> <span class="number">33.8%</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="./../imgs/d6c862c665f04645b862bdcf3158a82b.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<h3 id="路径path"><a href="#路径path" class="headerlink" title="路径path"></a>路径path</h3><p>当需要不规则形状时，可以使用path定义：</p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">clip-path</span>: <span class="built_in">path</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;M 0 200 L 0,75 A 5,5 0,0,1 150,75 L 200 200 z&#x27;</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="./../imgs/aba1b3919d7f434c8c4c41eb65dde1d7.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<p>它有20个命令，_区分大小写_。大写命令指定绝对坐标，而小写命令指定相对于当前位置的坐标。</p>
<ul>
<li>移动到：<code>M</code>,<code>m</code></li>
<li>绘制一条线： 直线 <code>L</code>, <code>l</code>；水平线 <code>H</code>, <code>h</code>； 垂直线 <code>V</code>,<code>v</code></li>
<li>三次贝塞尔曲线：<code>C</code>, <code>c</code>, <code>S</code>,<code>s</code></li>
<li>二次贝塞尔曲线：<code>Q</code>, <code>q</code>, <code>T</code>,<code>t</code></li>
<li>椭圆弧曲线：<code>A</code>,<code>a</code></li>
<li>关闭路径：<code>Z</code>，<code>z</code></li>
</ul>

        
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